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1 features ? compatible with the jpeg baseline standard as defined by iso is 109 18-1 ? highly-integrated, low-cost single chip solution ? up to 40 mbytes/sec sustained compression rate ? maximum processing rate of 1.6 million pixels/sec ? supports 8-bit grayscale and yuv 4:2:2 color space input and output formats ? handles images of size up to 1024 x 1024 pixels ? fast dct/idct processor on-chip ? user-defined quantization and huffman tables ? support for fast as well as slow/inexpensive memories ? provides direct interface for microcontroller/microprocessor access applications the AT76C101 jpeg processor is optimized for use in the following applications: ? digital cameras ? color printers and plotters ? low-cost image compression systems ? video editing (3-4 frames/sec at ccir 720 x 480 image resolution) hardware resources ? on-chip video interface ? custom discrete cosine transform and quantization processor ? variable length and huffman encoder/decoder ? programmable memory interface (supports slow memories) ? microcontroller/microprocessor access bus pin configuration srdata 15-0 sraddr 14-0 pxwe pxre pxin pxout stop_pixel srdrive h_sync v_sync px_clk clk_in m_addr 19-0 m_data 7-0 mem_cs test reset framend freeze master_cs master_wr master_oe busy bst_test 100-pin qfp jpeg image compression processor AT76C101 rev. 0751aC04/98
AT76C101 2 description the AT76C101 is an image compression/decompression processor that performs the jpeg baseline algorithm. the system is capable of high quality compression and decom- pression of continues-tone color or monochrome images. the AT76C101 performs the discrete cosine transform, quantization, and entropy encoding during the compres- sion stage and carries out all inverse operations during the decompression phase. the AT76C101 uses an external sram as working memory, which is accessed by an on- chip video interface. the AT76C101 is designed to operate with minimum host intervention. a host processor is required to program the chip in the required operating mode, and to extract the jpeg header from the compressed bit stream during the decompression phase. based on this information, it then initializes the internal registers. once the chip has been ini- tialized, the AT76C101 operates continuously until it has completed compression/decompression of a image frame. the image compression ratio is controlled by the user sup- plied quantization tables, which are loaded before the com- pression/decompression operation. compression ratios from 1:1 to 50:1 are possible depending on the quality and storage requirements of the application. basic system configuration an AT76C101-based image compression system is shown in figure 1. the AT76C101 requires the following external devices: ? a microcontroller to program and initialize the chip in the required operating mode. this device is also used to strip the jpeg header during decompression and to provide the AT76C101 with the header information. ? an external working memory (sram) for handling uncompressed/decompressed images. the size of this memory depends on the size of the image being processed. the formula to assess the memory size is given in the pixel interface section of this manual. ? an external memory device to store the compressed data stream. this external memory can be either a fast memory or a slow inexpensive memory. the size of this memory depends on the needs of the specific application. figure 1. AT76C101-based image compression system output buffer input buffer raw_out sampling & color conversion srdata 15-0 sraddr 14-0 pxwe pxre pxin pxout stop_pixel srdrive h_sync v_sync px_clk clk_in m_addr 19-0 m_data 7-0 mem_cs test reset framend freeze master_cs master_wr master_oe busy 32k x 16 sram data15-0 addr15-0 re we yuv rgb image to display video interface logic image source 24-bit rgb compressed data memory addr19-0 data7-0 cs wr oe microcontroller AT76C101
AT76C101 3 system overview pixel interface the pixel interface is used to input uncompressed data dur- ing the compression mode, or to output decompressed data during the decompression mode. the AT76C101 expects uncompressed image data either in yuv 4:2:2 (for color images), or in grayscale format. during decompres- sion, the AT76C101 generates images in the same format. this interface requires an external buffer as working mem- ory (figure 2). during compression, the external buffer is used to store the incoming pixels. after 8 scan lines are read in, the AT76C101 performs a raster to 8x8 block con- version of the input data. during the inverse operation, the AT76C101 converts the outgoing pixels into the raster for- mat and stores them in the external buffer. the uncom- pressed data is synchronized with the px_clk signal. this clock runs at twice the pixel rate so that two transfers can occur for each pixel, one to read pixel data from the exter- nal sram and one to write pixel data to the external sram. two signals synchronize video interface operation, hsync and vsync. these are active low, bi-directional signals and they are controlled from the master bit of the mode register of the chip. when master is high, hsync and vsync are generated and driven by the chip. when master is low, these two signals are read as inputs by the chip. in master mode, the registers hperiod, hsyncwidth, vperiod, and vsyncwidth are used to generate hsync and vsync. hpe- riod contains the total number of pixels per scan line, and hsyncwidth, the width of active hsync in number of pixels. vperiod and vsyncwidth provide the same type of infor- mation for vsync in terms of scan lines, rather than pixels. these registers and others are used to control the video interface of the chip. the other registers are hdelay, hac- tive, vdelay, and vactive. hdelay contains the number of pixels between falling hsync and the first active pixel of a line. hactive contains the number of active blocks in a line. the size of the working memory depends on the size of the image being processed. the external buffer should be deep enough to store 16 scan lines of data at the highest horizontal resolution. the equations for determining the external buffer size are: ? buffer bus width = 16 bits [for yuv data], 8 bits [for grayscale data] ? buffer size = 16 x (no. of pixels per line) as an example, a system designed to process images of the maximum size of 1024 x 1024 pixels would have the following external buffer requirements: ? buffer size = 16 x 1024 = 16,384 words thus, this system would require 16k x 16 working memory to process yuv images (color) and 16k x 8 working mem- ory to process grayscale images. as the minimum size of available sram is 32k x 8, the sram requirements are as follows: yuv/grayscale images: two 32k x 8 srams to form a 32k x 16 sram. figure 2. memory organization 32k x 16 sram databank a not used databank b not used 0000h 2000h 4000h 6000h 7fffh scan line 1 databank b scan line 2 scan line 8 4000h 4400h 5c00h 1024 pixels scan line yu yv yu yv yu yv 16 bits 000h 001h 002h 3feh 3ffh yu yv 8 bits 8 bits sram organization for maximum scan line size of 1024 pixels. each databank stores 8 scan lines of the raw image. uy uv 8 bits 8 bits after compression after decompression
AT76C101 4 host interface this is a 8-bit interface that allows the AT76C101 to trans- fer the compressed data to an external memory device. this interfaces also allows an external microcontrol- ler/microprocessor (complexity of at89c51) to access the internal memory (registers and tables) of the AT76C101. two types of transfers can be carried out through this inter- face: the compressed data transfers and the microcontrol- ler data accesses. compressed data mode the host interface can work with a number of external memory devices. it has two programmable registers through which the user can specify up to eight wait states that allows the chip to interface with slow memory devices. data transfers are 8 bit wide and are carried out through the data bus, address bus and the control signals mem_cs, master_oe and master_wr. the AT76C101 is the bus master and controls all transfers to the external memory. other devices cannot access the memory while the AT76C101 is in the operating mode. the cycle time of the compressed data transfer varies from one to eight clk cycles. this cycle time is controlled by two registers, the read_cnt_reg which controls the read cycle time, and write_cnt_reg which controls the write cycle time. these registers are programmed by the micro- controller during initialization. the address bus is also ini- tialized from the mem_start_addr register, which holds the start address of the compressed data memory. microcontroller access mode in this mode, the main function of the host interface is to allow external devices, (i.e. microcontroller or a host pro- cessor) to access the internal memory of the jpeg chip. this is required to program the AT76C101 in the desired mode of operation, to load the internal quantization and huffman tables during initialization, and to read the status of the chip for testing purposes. all transfers to the internal memory and tables of the jpeg codec are 8-bit wide. data is transferred using the data bus, address bus, and the control signals master_wr, master_oe, master_cs and bus_busy. all transfers carried out in this mode are controlled by the microcontrol- ler. when the AT76C101 chip is operating in normal mode (i.e. either compression or decompression), it acts as a bus master on the external memory/microcontroller bus. since the AT76C101 has higher priority over the microcontroller for these bus accesses, the microcontroller has to check the availability of the bus (by checking bus_busy) before it can access it. once all the internal registers of the AT76C101 are set up and the tables are loaded, the AT76C101 is activated by setting the start_reg register. once the compression/decompression operation starts, the AT76C101 takes control of the bus, and gives it up only after the chip has processed the image.the microcontroller can access the internal memory of the AT76C101 only between frames and not during normal mode of operation. data control during compression, the AT76C101 monitors the internal image buffers and sends a stall signal (stop) to prevent the external video interface logic from generating new pix- els, in case the internal buffers are full. during decompres- sion, the AT76C101 controls the transfer rate from the compressed data interface, based on the status of the com- pressed data fifo (figure 3). figure 3. data control pixel buffer pixel buffer quantization table dct/idct & quantization module dct coefficient buffer zigzag unit huffman encoder huffman tables huffman decoder bit stuffer unit comp. data fifo host interface register file & test module pixel interface srdata [15:0] px_clk sraddr [14:0] pxre pxwe pxin pxout h_sync v_sync blank stop_pixel test master_cs master_oe master_wr m_addr m_data mem_cs bus_busy high level control reset end_frame freeze clk_in
AT76C101 5 compressed data memory management the AT76C101 starts reading/writing data from/to the com- pressed data memory starting from the address location specified by the mem_start_addr register. once a frame has been processed, the AT76C101 writes the address of the last compressed data into the mem_end_addr register. the microcontroller uses this information to keep track of the memory locations having valid images, and to specify the starting memory address of the next image initialization sequence the active high reset signal resets all the AT76C101 resources including the register file. once the AT76C101 has been reset, the microcontroller can program the chip to the desired mode of operation. the microcontroller will also have to load the internal huffman and quantization tables. once the internal registers and tables have been initialized, the microcontroller can initiate a compression/decompres- sion operation by asserting the start_reg register. the AT76C101 de-asserts this signal after the final image block is processed. when the AT76C101 completes the process- ing of an image, it asserts the framend signal, writes the address of the last compressed data into the mem_end_addr register and waits for a new start_reg request. during decompression, the microcontroller has to do some additional processing of the jpeg data stream. the micro- controller extracts and process the jpeg header informa- tion from the compressed data stream. based on this header information, the microcontroller then initializes the internal registers of the AT76C101 and writes the address of the memory location containing the first compressed image data (not the start of the jpeg header) into the mem_start_addr register. it then follows the above men- tioned initialization sequence. quantization table loading the on-chip quantization tables must be loaded with the required values before the normal operation of the chip. the AT76C101s quantization table is a 256x16 ram, and can store up to four 64-word quantization tables. the upper half of the ram area is used to store the compression quantization tables and the lower half to store the decom- pression tables. the organization of the quantization ram is shown in figure 4. the quantization tables can be loaded only after the quant_table_load_enable register has been set. once loaded, the quantization tables remain valid until the power is switched off or until they are repro- grammed (they are unaffected by reset). the quant_table_load_enable register has to be reset after the tables are loaded and before normal operation of the chip can begin. figure 4. internal memory organization (quantization and maxmin tables) y encoding uv 0000h 0002h 0080h 0100h 0180h y decoding uv quantization table 3000h 3008h 3080h 3100h 3180h maxmin table dc-y dc-uv ac-y ac-uv min_code (bits 7-0) min_code (bits 15-8) max_code (bits 7-0) max_code (bits 15-8) val_ptr not used 3000h 3001h 3002h 3003h 3004h 3005h 3006h 3007h quantization value (bits 7-0) quantization value (bits 15-8) 0000h 0001h quantization value 16 bits 40 bits val_ptr max_code min_code 8 bits 16 bits 16 bits
AT76C101 6 before loading, the quantization tables have to be con- verted from the jpeg interchange format (jpeg_q_table) to the AT76C101 specific format (AT76C101_q_table). this format varies, based on the mode of operation of the chip (compression or decompression). the steps to convert to the AT76C101 specific format are given below: ? the quantization tables are stored in the zigzag form in the jpeg interchange format. convert these tables to the normal (un-zigzagged) form. ? convert to AT76C101 format using the following algorithm where, m_factor[i][j] = 16,384, if (i=1 and j=1) 32,768/sqrt(2), if (i=1 and j=2.8) or (i=2.8 and j=1) 32,768 otherwise: for (i = 1..8) begin for (j = 1..8) begin if (mode = compress) AT76C101_q_table[i][j] = (m_factor[i][j]/ jpeg_q_table[i][j]) + 0.5 else if (mode = decompress) AT76C101_q_table[i][j] = jpeg_q_table[i][j] end end the quantization tables are 16 bits wide and are loaded using the host bus. the host bus accesses the quantization table values in two 8-bit halves, with the lower address cor- responding to the lower order byte and the higher address corresponding to the higher order byte (figure 4). huffman table loading like the quantization tables, the AT76C101 huffman tables are specific to the chip. before normal operation of the chip, the huffman tables must be loaded in the AT76C101 specific format into the on-chip ram. the int_table_load_enable register has to be set to load the huffman tables. when the huffman tables are loaded into the internal ram, they remain valid until the power is switched off or until they are reprogrammed (they are not affected by reset). the huffman_table_load_enable register has to be reset after the tables are loaded and before normal operation of the chip can begin. the AT76C101 can store up to four huffman tables: 2 huff- man ac tables and 2 huffman dc tables. the memory organization and address mapping of the huffman tables are given in figure 5. the huffman tables are 28 bits wide and consist of three fields, the size of the huffman code (stored as 1 less than actual size), the huffman code and the 8-bit symbol corresponding to the huffman code. each huffman table value is accessed from the host bus in four 8-bit slices, with the lower order 8 bits corresponding to the lowest address (for e.g. 2000h) and the highest 8-bit slice (bit 24 through bit 31) corresponding to the highest address (2003h). figure 5. internal memory organization (huffman tables) y 1000h 1004h 1040h uv dc huffman table 2000h 2004h 2400h ac huffman table 8-bit symbol code (bits 3-0) 1000h 1001h 28 bits y uv size -1 code (bits 11-4) 0000 code (bits 15-12) 1002h 1003h 0000 code size - 1 8-bit symbol 16 bits 4 bits 8 bits
AT76C101 7 the huffman tables have the same format in both the com- pression and decompression mode, but the arrangement of the codes within the tables varies for the two modes. in the compression mode, the huffman tables are indexed by the 8-bit symbol corresponding to the code. for example, the luminance ac huffman table value corresponding to the 8- bit symbol value of 17 will be stored in the 17th location of the table, i.e. in the address locations 4068 to 4071. in the decompression mode, the huffman tables are arranged in consecutive locations in increasing order of huffman size. all codes of the same huffman size are then arranged in terms of increasing huffman code value. appendix a, annex c of the jpeg international standard gives the pro- cedure for generating the huffman codes and sizes from the huffman table information extracted from the com- pressed jpeg header. maxmin table loading the maxmin tables are an extra set of tables which are required only for the decompression operation. similar to the huffman tables, these tables can be loaded only after the int_table_load_enable register has been set, and this register has to be reset before normal operation of the AT76C101 can commence. this table is required to keep track of the maximum and minimum huffman code values for each huffman code length. since there is a maximum of 4 huffman tables allowed and the longest huffman code is 16 bits wide, the required maxmin table size is 64 words. the four maxmin tables are arranged in increasing order of size and each word of the maxmin table is 40 bits wide with three fields, a pointer to the position of the minimum code of that huffman size, the minimum huffman code and the maximum huffman code corresponding to that huffman code size. the maxmin tables are accessed by the host bus in terms of five 8-bit slices with the lowest address cor- responding to bit 0-7 of the maxmin table value and the highest address corresponding to bit 32-39 (figure 4). these tables are generated from the AT76C101 specific decompression mode huffman tables and the algorithm to develop them is given below: for (i = 1..16) begin maxmin_min_code[i] = -1 maxmin_max_code[i] = -1 end for (i=1..total_num_of_huffman_codes) if (maxmin_min_code[size[i]] == -1) begin maxmin_min_code[size[i]] = code[i] maxmin_val_ptr[size[i]] = i end maxmin_max_code[size[i]] = code[i]
AT76C101 8 signal description figure 6. symbol 30 m_add5 29 m_add6 28 m_add7 27 m_add8 26 m_add9 25 m_add10 24 gnd 23 m_add11 22 m_add12 21 m_add13 20 gnd 19 m_add14 18 m_add15 17 m_add16 16 m_add17 15 m_add18 14 pwr 13 m_add19 12 busy 11 framend 10 stop_pixel 9 srdrive 8 pwr 7 px_clk 6 hsync 5 vsync 4 vcc 3 gnd 2 pxout 1 pxin 50 m_data7 49 m_data6 48 gnd 47 m_data5 46 m_data4 45 m_data3 44 m_data2 43 m_data1 42 gnd 41 m_data0 40 mast_wr 39 mast_oe 38 mem_cs 37 pwr 36 m_add0 35 m_add1 34 m_add2 33 m_add3 32 m_add4 31 pwr clk 51 gnd 52 vcc 53 pwr 54 mast_cs 55 test 56 bst_test 57 freeze 58 reset_ 59 pxwe 60 pxre 61 pwr 62 sradd14 63 sradd13 64 sradd12 65 sradd11 66 nc 67 sradd10 68 sradd9 69 sradd8 70 sradd7 71 gnd 72 sradd6 73 sradd5 74 sradd4 75 gnd 76 sradd3 77 sradd2 78 sradd1 79 sradd0 80 pwr 81 srdata15 82 srdata14 83 srdata13 84 pwr 85 srdata12 86 srdata11 87 srdata10 88 srdata9 89 srdata8 90 gnd 91 srdata7 92 srdata6 93 srdata5 94 srdata4 95 gnd 96 srdata3 97 srdata2 98 srdata1 99 srdata0 100
AT76C101 9 table 1. signal description signal type description bst_test input bist test pin (used only for testing), should be grounded. clk input master clock. freeze input stall signal, active high. when this signal is asserted, the chip finishes processing the current block and then remains in that state until freeze is pulled low. mast_cs input master chip select input. used by microcontroller to access the jpeg chip. active low. px_clk input video interface clock (27 mhz fixed). reset_ input global reset signal, active high, minimum pulse width is three clk_in 40 mhz cycles. test input active high - puts chip in test mode. user has access to all internal memory. must be tied to gnd for normal operation. hsync bidirectional indicates start of a horizontal line of the frame. m_add[19:0] bidirectional memory/microcontroller address bus. used by jpeg chip to access the compressed data memory, and used by microcontroller to access the jpeg chip. m_data[7:0] bidirectional memory/ microcontroller data bus. used to transfer compressed data to the external storage unit. also used by microcontroller to program the jpeg chip. mast_oe bidirectional memory/ microcontroller read select. active low. used by microcontroller to read from jpeg chip and used by jpeg chip to read compressed data from memory. mast_wr bidirectional memory/microcontroller write select. active low. used by microcontroller to write to jpeg and used by jpeg to write to compressed data memory. srdata[15:0] bidirectional pixel data bus for inputting uncompressed data in encoding mode, or for outputting decompressed image data in decoding mode. vsync bidirectional indicates the start of a frame. busy output microcontroller bus busy. signals whether the jpeg chip (high) or microcontroller (low) controls the bus. framend output end of encoding/decoding operation. framend is active after chip is reset and it remains active until the start register is set by the host. mem_cs output compressed data memory select. active low. used by jpeg to select the external memory device used to store the compressed data stream. pxin output pixel input control. it is asserted low when pixels are being input from the active portion of the frame into the strip buffer. pxout output pixel output control. it ia active only when the pixels from the active region of the field are being read from the strip buffer. pxre output active low. controls reading data from external memory. pxwe output active low. controls writing to the external memory. sradd[14:0] output pixel address bus. this bus specifies the address location of the external memory device (strip buffer), from/ to which the pixel data is transferred. supports external memory of up to 32k locations. srdrive output indicates that the AT76C101 is driving the srdata bus. stop_pixel output when asserted, all operations in the video interface are stopped. active when the dct buffers are full, or when the ext. video logic is not ready.
AT76C101 10 table 2. register file description register address r/w description hperiod_low 0f800 r/w hperiod-low byte (bit 0 to 7). for color pictures, in master mode, hperiod contains one less than the number of pixels between successive hsync pulses. in slave mode, it contains the time between the falling edge of one hsync pulse and the start of the next hsync pulse (in terms of pixels). for grayscale images: set this register to 1 less than half the number of pixels between successive hsync pulses. hperiod_high 0f801 r/w hperiod - high byte (bit 8 to 15). hsyncwidth_low 0f802 r/w hsyncwidth - low byte. used only in master mode. for color images: 1 less than the number of pixels that hsync has to be held active low. for grayscale images: 1 less than half the number of pixels that hsync has to be held active low. hsyncwidth_high 0f803 r/w hsyncwidth - high byte. hdelay_low 0f804 r/w hdelay - low byte. delay from falling edge of hsync to the first active pixel. hdelay_high 0f805 r/w hdelay - high byte. hactive_low 0f806 r/w hactive - low byte. for color images: size of active horizontal line divided by 8. for grayscale images: size of active horizontal line in pixels divided by 16. hactive_high 0f807 r/w hactive - high byte. vperiod_low 0f808 r/w vperiod - low byte. used in master mode - contains the number of lines in the frame_7. vperiod_high 0f809 r/w vperiod - high byte. vsyncwidth_low 0f80a r/w vsyncwidth - low byte. used in master mode - one less than the number of lines that vsync has to be held active low. vsyncwidth_high 0f80b r/w vsyncwidth - high byte. vdelay_low 0f80c r/w vdelay - low byte. vdelay_high 0f80d r/w vdelay - high byte. vactive_low 0f80e r/w vactive - low byte. number of active vertical lines. vactive_high 0f80f r/w vactive - high byte. start_reg 0f810 r/w bit 0 is used to initiate the compression/decompression pipeline. mode 0f812 r/w determine the device operating mode. the function of each bit is shown below. bit 0: encode(0)/decode(1) operation. bit 1: color(0)/grayscale(1) image. bit 2: video master(1)/slave(0) mode. rest of bits are reserved and should be set to zero. int_table_load_enable 0f813 r/w various bits of this register enable loading the different tables on chip. bit 0: when set, enables programming the quantization tables. bit 1: when set, enables loading the huffman tables, including the maxmin tables. decoder_error 0f814 r the chip sets this register to 1, if an error occurs while decoding. decoder_error_code_low 0f815 r decoder_error_code - high byte. decoder_error_code_high 0f816 r decoder_error_code - high byte.
AT76C101 11 fifo_status 0f817 r shows the status of the internal fifo. bit 0 is the fifo full indicator and bit 1 is the fifo empty indicator. write_cnt_reg 0f818 r/w the number of wait states required during a write to external memory is programmed into this register. read_cnt_reg 0f819 r/w the number of wait states required during a read from external memory is programmed into this register. mem_start_addr_low 0f81a r/w mem_start_addr - low byte. the external memory start address is programmed here. mem_start_addr_med 0f81b r/w mem_start_adrr - middle byte (bit 16 to 31) mem_start_addr_high 0f81c r/w mem_start_addr - high byte (bit 32 to 39) mem_end_addr_low 0f81d r mem_end_addr - low byte. AT76C101 writes the address of the last byte of the frame written into the external memory. mem_end_addr_med 0f81e r mem_end_addr - middle byte (bit 16 to 31). mem_end_addr_high 0f81f r mem_end_addr - high byte (bit 32 to 39). table 2. register file description register address r/w description table 3. internal memory addressing module address range quantization tables (256 x 16 bits) 0x00000-0x001ff dc huffman tables (32 x 28 bits) 0x01000-0x0107f ac huffman tables (512 x 28 bits) 0x03000-0x031ff maxmin tables - for decoding only (64 x 40 bits) 0x04000-0x04200 pixel buffer (4 buffers of size 128 x 8 bits each) 0x04000-0x04200 dct coefficient buffer (2 buffers of size 64 x 16 each) 0x05000-0x050ff compressed data fifo (64 x 8 bits) write port 0x06000-0x06040 read port 0x07000-0x07040
AT76C101 12 figure 7. compressed memory write figure 8. compressed memory read figure 9. microcontroller write figure 10. microcontroller read table 4. ac characteristics symbol parameter min max units t css chip select setup time 3 ns t as address setup time 3 ns t ah address hold time 0 ns t ds data setup time 3 ns t dh data hold time 0 ns t wpl write pulse width 75 ns t wrec write recovery time 125 ns t acc read access time 120 ns t rpl read pulse length 120 ns t rrec read recovery time 50 ns t cyc compressed memory read/write cycle time 1 8 clk_in cycles t swr compressed memory write set-up time 0.5 t soe compressed memory read set-up time 0.5 address data memcs mast_wr address valid data valid tswr tcyc address data memcs mast_oe address valid data valid data invalid tcyc tsoe m_addr m_data master_cs master_wr valid data valid address valid twrec tdh tds tcss tah tas twpl m_addr m_data master_cs master_oe data valid address valid trrec tcss tah tas trpl tacc
AT76C101 13 electrical specifications table 5. absolute maximum ratings symbol parameter min max unit conditions v cc dc supply voltage -0.3 4.6 v core and standard ios v i dc input voltage -0.3 vdd + 0.3v v or see +-iik v o dc output voltage vdd + 0.3v v or see +-iok +-i ik dc input diode current 10 ma vi<-0.5v vi>vdd+0.5v +-i ok dc output diode current 10 ma v0<-0.5v v0>vdd+0.5v i olmax continuous output current 10 ma industrial i ohmax continuous output current 10 ma industrial t sh time of outputs shorted 5 sec t a temperature range -40 +85 c industrial t sg storage temperature -65 +150 c table 6. recommended operating conditions symbol parameter min typ max unit conditions v cc dc supply voltage 3 3.3 3.6 v v i dc input voltage 0 vdd v v 0 dc output voltage 0 vdd v t a temperature range -40 +85 c industrial t r input rise time 15 ns 10%-90% cmos t f input fall time 15 ns 10%-90% cmos table 7. dc characteristics symbol parameter min max unit conditions i ih i il input leakage, no pullup input leakage, no pullup a a v in = v cc = 5.5v v in = 0, v cc = 5.5v i oz high-impedance output current bi-directional pins a v cc = 5.5v v il v ih low level input voltage high level input voltage v v cmos inputs and bi-dir. cmos inputs and bi-dir. v ol v oh low level input voltage high level input voltage v v i ol = 5.0ma i oh = 5.0ma c in input capacitance pf

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